Testing machine



Feb. 20, 1923. V 1,445,963.

' W. D. LA BATT ET AL.

TESTING MACHINE.

FILED NOV. 18.192,.

Patented ret ae, i923.

WILLIAM D. LA.BAATAT AND HANS'SENGEBUSCH, or CHICAGO, ILLINOJS,ASSIGNORS T0.

ELISIIA :r. CADY, or AK PARK, rnrruo1s.

Y TESTI1\TG MACHINE.

- Application filed Novemher18, 192i. Seria1 N0.516,029.

T0 all'w7zm itmay concern:

. Be it. known that we, WL..M LA

[BA1I and HANS SENGEBUSCH citizens of the. United States, residing atChicago, in the 5 county of Cook and State of Illinois',;hav-j ingj.0intly invented certain new and useful Improveinents in. TestingMachines, do hereby declare that the following is a full,

clear, and exact description-of the same ret-v drawings.

The mvent1on relates to lO'erence' being had to the accompanyingthebrushing strength or resistance of cor' rugated paper board, such assingle or mul tiple ply boards, and particularly to an attachment bywhich machines used for testing the tensile strength of sheet materials,

such as paper board, mayalso be used for Q making such -*crushingtests,-and.1ts pr1m'ary object is to provide improved means forholdingthe Stock in place and transmitting to the stock the pressure of.the elastic diaphragm when it is expanded by the :hquid compressedagainst it by the piston. -Other objects and advantages are attained. aswill be manifest from the disclosure;

Machines for testing the strength of paper board of the type in whichthe strain.of a

body of liquid underpressure .is exerted against an elastic diaphragma'cting in a transverse direction againstaconfined sec tion or area ofthe stock, have ,heretofore been used for determining. the 1 tensilestrength of the material, but have not heretofore been adaptedso far aswe are. aware to test the crushing strength or resistance of crrugatedpaper board. Our invention consists in the matters hereinafter described40 (and then pointed out in the appended claims by which machines ofth1s generaltype may,

be utilized for crushing tests,:and particularly by which thesame,machine ,majy;be

used for both classes of tests.

in side elevation and partly in section' showing a test-in machineequipped .withwour invehtion, with a sample-of tw o' ply paper board inposition; F1g, 2 1sa view showing the position of the parts when acrushing test is completed, and Fig. 3 is a bottom plan view of theattachinent that in practice is secured to the stock-supportingplatformof a tensile-testing machine to transform it, into aerushing-testing machine,

certain new and 7 useful improvements 1n machines for testmgln thedrawings Fig. 1*is a view partly In the drawings the reference numeral 1-represents the liquid chamber of the'machine, and 2 a cylinder communicating:with the chamber in any suitable Jman ner and cent-rally boredthroughout its length, with one end upturned as shown to forma verticalbranch 3 whichl isficlosed by,the ;dia-

phragm 4: of ,elastic material as now well is threaded to receive acap'5fwhichlhold s stock-supporting platform, the cap being provided withcentral opening or mouth in line with the bore of the branch 3 and withan overhanging top flange6. The free end of the cylinder]alsoreciaives apipe ':understood in the art. ,The vertical branch the diaphragm inposition and j.fo rmsl a in extension of its bore andicommunicating withan indicatingahd registeringgage8 subjectto and operated by thepressure'of the fluid in the ohamber and indcating' the pressure by itspointer.on its dial in pounds and fractions thereof ji'ri the usualmanner,

The opposite" end ofthe chamber is provided with a piston bearing 9i'nwhich the lower end ofthe ,pston 10 reciprocates; The parts so fardescribed ,are typical of tensile or. rupture testing'1hachines and.m'ay,bexof any suitable construction and organization, though forpurposes of practical use we prefer to make them as 'shownand as partsof the complete machine disclosed in our copendingapplication"filedAugust 13," 1921, Y

Serial l Number 492,007.

A plate llfitsupon the cap, acentering V with a central opening orpassage 17 of substant1ally the same d1ameter as and mregrsvolved -onfithe cap. The plateis, provided ter with the mouth of the cap 5.-Amovable f A movably into the opening 1 7 thstem fi1ls the opening. and,in,orderg to enable it to move -with a *miriimum of. friction it is jaw 18 above the plate 11 is,provided with e a depending central stem orplug 19 fitting smaller in cross-sectional area than the.openiingandisprovided at lower end. With an annular,lip 20 making a sliding fittherethe diaphragm upon beingdistended to the limit necessary to complete thetest by the stock-fiipturihg liquid under Compression by theplunge'ieannotpass out of the opening -but is confined therein.

Above the 'jaw 18 is located a presser-oot or clamp '21 aga'inst ivhichthe jaw crushes the stock; the foot is of the same dimensions o r areathejaw and is'either a solid face of metal or is ooinposed of an outerannular ortion havin a tem 3oi*arV filierpiece 22 f) V u 'c'entrallyattaohedthereto. The foot is movahly' supported and in the presentinstanoe 'is shown mouiited upon the free end ot a l'ever 23 pivotedat24 and held in position to form an an'vil against the top o:t the stockby any suitable means, preferably as in said co pending application. l

VV henthe machine is at rest before making aerushino; test the piston iswithdrawn from:the liquid 'inthe cylinde'r and the parts are inthepositions shown in Fig. 1, with a piece o f *stockS to beitested inpositionon the jaw 18. The presser foot is then moved down against thestock and held in its posi= tion,jand the piston is moved down into theliquid in the cylinderto displace it and toreo -it 'in the 'bore 3 todistend the diaphragm up ardiy and raisethe jaw 18 againstthet portohofthe stock lying between it and the anvil fiined'by the now immovahlefoot i2l, the "pressure being co1itinueduntil the 'corrugations of thestock collapse as shown in Fig. 2 and the gage reg'istering' the exactamount of pressure existing at the moment the stock is crushed.

i While lthe'jaw 18 and its attabhing plate may be 'nioln'ited as apermanent part of the machine. and the anvil 2].- may be perma neritlyutilized with its su"rface correspondi'ng in area with the jaw, it isobviou s that by making the jaw attachable and detachable and by makingthe anvil with a central removable section these parts may consti tutean attachmrit capable of temporary association 'withthe other 3arts, andwhen siich attachment is 'diss ociated or removed the machine .m y'ojei*ateto thetensile 'or rupture strenith of the stock T he diain.eter of the jaw 18 is suioiently greater than that of the .ledge t3'toprovide that when the orusn1n;r test IS fin1shed the area or the port10n of the stock crus'hed between the jaw' and the a'nvil will belarger than the areaof the led9e so that the cr'ushed portion will s'eat on the ledge to make a pop or ru'pture test "ot it "by the-machi:ie after the cius'hing shown v square inch and the area oftheijaw l8 is equal to ten (101) square inches in order to calibrate"with the gage 8 which in this class :of machines reads in pounds persquare inch; for example, ii:' the gage regsters280 pounds theresistance per squa'reinch in the stock being crushed equals 28 pounds.

1. In a machine for testing paper or other fabrics, a compressionChamber containing a liquid and having an open end, an expansiblediaphragm closing said end, ariapertred plate secured above thediaphragin, a aw having a stem longer thanthe thickness of the stock andinovably fitting in the aperture of the plate in the path. of thediaphragm, and an anvil above the jaw.

2. In a machine for testing paperor other abrics, a compression chambercontaining a liquid and having an open end, an expans1ble diaphraggmclos1ng said end, a Cll3r phr'agm-cap having a mouthin line with theopen end, an apertured plate removably secured to the cap, a jaw havinga stem 'movably fitting in the aperture of the plate in the path of thediaphragni, the stem being longer than the thickness of the st0ck, andan anvil above the jaw.

3. In a machine for testing paper or other fabrics a Compression.chamber containing a liquid and jhavinpj an open end, anex 'pansiblediaphragm Closing: said end, a dia-' phragm-cap having amouth alinedwith the open end and an annular groove onfits upper surface,a plateremovably secured to the cap and having); a centering flange fitting thegroove and an aperture in line with the mouth of the cap, a jaw having astem longer than the thickness of the stock and inovably fitting; in theaperture of the plate in the i,jath of the diaphragm,and an anvil abovethe jaw Y 4:.- I a machine for testing paper or other.

:abrics, a coinpression chamber containing "a'hqu1d and having an openend, an eX pansible diaphragm closiri, j said end, a diaphragm.caphaving; a mouth alined with the Open end and aii annnlar ,g; roove inits up per surface, a peripheral flange on the 'cap having verticalslots, aplate having a centering flange fitting the groove and an apertu re in line with the mouth ofthe cap 1u gs on the plate havingearsconstructed to pass through the cap-slots and engage the oap-- 'flange,a ja-w having stem longer than the thickness of the stock and movablyfitting in the aperture of the plate in the path oi' the diaphragm, andan anvil above the aw.

5. In a machine for testing paper or other fabrics, a compressionchamber containing a liquid and having,an Open end; an eX- pansibleda'phragm closing said end an apertured plate above the daphragm and jawof substntially the same diamet0r there having a 1edge about itsaperture, a jaw with.

having a dameter greater than that of the In testimony whereof we aflixour sgna 10 1edge and provided with a stem longer than tures. y

5 the thckness of the stock a'nd movably fitting in the aperture of theplate in the path WILLIAM D. LA BATT. of the diaphragm, and an anvi1above the HANS SENGEBUSCH.

